|
ii |
Castor: Breeding |
|
|
Hybrid GCH-6 has yield potential of 1398 kg/ha and
2323 kg/ha under rainfed and irrigated conditions
with 14% yield increase over GCH-4. It is the
first castor hybrid developed in India, involving
NES system of pistillateness.(2000) |
|
|
Variety GC-3 (JI-273) a disease resistance
variety released by the station.(2007). |
|
iii |
Agronomy |
|
1 |
For maximum economic return, fertilizer dose for kharif
groundnut crop is recommended @12.5 +25 + 0 kg NPK/ha
(1978).
|
|
2 |
The farmers
growing groundnut during kharif season
are advised to grow spreading groundnut keeping
60 cm distance between the rows instead of 90 cm
(1980). |
|
3 |
For effective
control of weeds in kharif groundnut the
farmers are advised to keep the field in weed free
condition by hand weeding and inter-culturing .
Incase of shortage of labours, they should use
TOK-e-25 (Nitrofen) @4 lit. a.i./ha or lasso (Alachlor)
@ 2 lit. a.i. /ha dissolved in 500 lit. water and
applied before emergence of the crop
(1982). |
|
4 |
Inter-cropping
of bunch groundnut with hybrid castor spaced 120
cm apart with 2 rows of bunch groundnut was found
most profitable giving increased income of about
17% over the sole crop of groundnut and 122%
over sole crop of castor
(1982).under
Junagadh condition |
|
5 |
The farmers
growing groundnut during kharif season are
advised to give one or two supplementary
irrigation whenever there is dry spell during
flowering, pegging and fruiting stage of crop
growth for higher production (1982). |
|
6 |
|
|
7 |
The farmers of
Saurashtra region are advised to plant spreading
groundnut varieties as pre monsoon planting during
last week of May to first week of June for getting
higher yield as well as net profit (1983). |
|
8 |
Inter cropping
of 2 lines of bunch groundnut sown in between two
rows of cotton recorded additional income of Rs.
3383/ha over sole crop of cotton
(1984) |
|
9 |
Inter cropping
of bunch groundnut and castor in the ratio of 3:1
gave maximum gross income of Rs 3781/ha (1982,
1985-86). |
|
10 |
The farmers of
South Saurashtra zone are advised to follow the
spacing of 45 cms between two rows with the seed
rate (GAUG-1) of 100 kg/ha for getting a higher
return (1988). |
|
11 |
In the South
Saurashtra region, in which soils having medium to
high potash, the application of potassium to
Kharif groundnut is not beneficial. (1988). |
|
12 |
In case of
shortage of labour farmers are advised to use
fusilade @ 0.25 kg a.i./ha dissolved in 500 lit.
Water as post emergence application at 20-25 DAS
for controlling annual grassy type weed. This
will give about Rs. 1600 /ha more return than the
un-weeded control. (1989). |
|
13 |
On the basis of
net return and total groundnut equivalent yield
the farmers of South Saurashtra region who are
having irrigation facility during entire year,
to grow hybrid castor followed by summer
groundnut or pre monsoon spreading
groundnut-mustard-bunch groundnut or bunch
groundnut-mustard-bunch groundnut cropping
sequence.
(1990). |
|
14 |
It is
recommended that farmers of South Saurashtra
region who are adopting cropping sequence of
mustard in rabi and groundnut in kharif there
is no residual effect of mustard crop on
production of kharif groundnut (1997). |
|
15 |
Farmers of South Saurashtra. Region are
recommended to adopt weed free condition
throughout season, were farm labours are available
or spraying of pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg/ha as a pre
emergence + 1 HW at 30 DAS +2 IC at 30 & 45 DAS
in paucity of farm labours for more effective and
profitable weed management (1997). |
|
16 |
Farmers of South Saurashtra. Agro-climatic zone
who are interested to grow groundnut variety GG-20
during kharif season are advised to sow the crop
with seed rate of 120 to 125 kg/ha (about 3 lakh
plants/ha) and 60 cm. spacing between the rows for
getting a higher yield as well as net return
(1997). |
|
17 |
Farmers of South Saurashtra Agro climatic zone who
are interested to adopt intercropping system in
kharif groundnut variety GG-2 are recommended that
to get higher yield and maximum net return in
kharif season grow groundnut + pigeon pea
intercrop in 3:1 ratio of groundnut + castor (3:1)
(1998) |
|
18 |
The farmers of South Saurashtra agro climatic zone
are advised to sow confectionery groundnut variety
GG-20 during kharif season (considering its higher
shelling and kernel yield) and apply recommended
dose of chemical fertilizers with 15 t FYM / ha
for higher yield and net return.
(1999) |
|
19 |
Farmers of South Saurashtra Agro-climatic Zone
following groundnut + Pigeonpea inter-relay
cropping system are advised to sow groundnut
(GG-2) in between pigeonpea (BDN-2) in 2:1 or 3:1
ratio at the on set of monsoon or 25 days after
sowing of groundnut.(2000) |
|
20 |
Farmers of South Saurashtra Agro-climatic zone
following mono cropping system in the same field
are advised to apply phosphorus @ 20 kg/ha every
third year and FYM @ 10 t/ha every year.(2000) |
|
21 |
Farmers of South Saurashtra Agro-climatic zone
following groundnut+castor inter cropping
system(3:1) are advised to fertilizer both the
crops with recommended fertilizer dose on area
basis forgetting higher net realization.(2000) |
|
22 |
The farmers of South Saurashtra Agro-climatic zone
are advised to sow HPS groundnut during Kharif
season as a pre-monsoon crop ( 30th May) for
getting higher yield and net return without
loosing its quality.(2001) |
|
23 |
The farmers of South Saurashtra Agro-climatic zone
who are growing Kharif groundnut cv. GG-20 are
advised to apply FYM @ 10 t/ha every year. If it
is not possible then farmers can apply recommended
dose of fertilizer i.e. 12.5-25.0-00 NPK kg/ha for
getting higher yield and net realization. (2001) |
|
24 |
The farmers of South Saurashtra Agro-climatic
region growing bunch groundnut + piegionpea (2:1 )
inter cropping system are advised to keep crops
weed free thought the season where farm labours
are adequately available or under paucity of
farm labours, application of pendimethalin or
fluchloralin @ 0.5 kg a.i./ha as pre-emergence + 3
1C (25-40-55 DAS)+ 2 HW (30 and 45 DAS) for most
effective weed control and getting higher yield
and net return.(2003) |
|
25 |
The farmers of South Saurashtra Agro-climatic
region growing bunch groundnut -pigeonpea inter
cropping system (2:1) under rainfed conditions are
advised to maintained the 100% plant density by
keeping inter row spacing of 7.5 and 20 cm,
respectively and apply 100% RDE at groundnut (I,.e.
12-5-25-0-00NPK kg/ha) as basal to both the crops
for getting higher gross and net return.(2003) |
|
|
Summer Groundnut: |
|
1 |
The farmers of Junagadh region advised to irrigate
the summer groundnut GAUG-1 at 50% depletion of
available soil moisture for irrigating the crop at
an interval of 7-8 days with the application of
50 kg P 20 5/ha with 25 kg
N/ha in order to get maximum economical return.
(1983). |
|
2 |
The farmers of Saurashtra region are advised to
grow summer groundnut GAUG-1 keeping 22.5 cm
distance between the rows with 100 kg seed
rate/ha to get maximum return. (1984) |
|
3 |
The farmers of Saurashtra region interested in
growing summer groundnut are advised to sow
variety GG-2 during the first fortnight of
January for getting maximum net return. (1985
NARP) |
|
4 |
For getting maximum return the farmers growing
groundnut during summer season in the Saurashtra
region are advised to apply the entire quantity
of nitrogen in the furrow by drilling before
sowing rather than as 2 or 3 split
application in soil or as foliar spray. (1985 NARP) |
|
5 |
The farmers of Saurashtra are advised to
apply 25 kg nitrogen/ha and 50 kg P 205/ha
as a basal application for maximum return. (1985
NARP) |
|
6 |
The farmers of South Saurashtra region growing
groundnut in summer season are advised to give two
irrigation of addition to the pre-planting
irrigation, give only two irrigation up to 30 days
at an interval of 15 days and rest of the 9
irrigation may be given at 9 to 10 days of
interval. (1985 NARP) |
|
7 |
In the South Saurashtra Agro-climatic zone the
application of pendimethalin @ 0.75 kg a.i./ha
as a pre-sowing incorporation followed by one
hand weeding at 40 DAS in groundnut provid
effective in checking the weed population in rabi/summer
groundnut with the ICBR of 1:7.34 (1986) |
|
8 |
The farmers of Saurashtra region are advised to
give pre-emergence application of weedicides
oxyflurofen @ 0.24 kg a.i./ha with one
inter-culturing and one hand weeding as it was
found beneficial. This was followed by
pre-emergence application of fluchloralin @
0.9 kg a.i./ha with inter-culturing and hand
weeding. (1997). |
|
9 |
The farmers of South Saurashtra Agro climatic zone
who are interested in the cultivation of summer
groundnut are advised to sow groundnut cultivars
GG-2 at 22.5 cm to 30 cm with the seed rate of
120 kg / ha. to get high yield net return. (1998) |
|
10 |
The farmers of South Saurashtra Agro climatic
region of the Gujarat State, growing summer
groundnut are advised to apply FYM @ to t/ha along
with 50% RDF+ 500 kg gypsum/ha (i.e.12.5-25.0-00
NPK/ha) every year and give 11 irrigations as per
recommendation (viz. 1st immediately after sowing
for good germination, 2nd 18-20 DAS, 3rd and 4th
30 and 40 DAS, 5th to 9th at an internal of 7 to
8 days and the remaining irrigation at an interval
of 8 to 9 days to their crop for obtaining higher
yield and net realization.(2003) |
|
|
Sesamum |
|
1 |
The farmers of South Saurashtra region interested
in growing sesame are advised to sow sesame
variety Gujarat Til-1 with the onset of monsoon.
If optimum moisture for good germination is
available, the sowing can be done up to 3 weeks
after the onset of monsoon without decrease in
yield but not later than 2nd fortnight of July
(1987). |
|
|
Soybean |
|
1 |
A dose of 30 : 60 : 0 N P K kg/ha is found
economical giving 27 per cent increased yield
over no fertilizer for Junagadh region |
|
2 |
It is profitable to grow cotton after soybean ,
bajra after soybean than soybean after soybean
giving Rs 2500 and Rs 2300/ha more income ,
respectively |
|
3 |
In Saurashtra region of Gujarat state it is
advisable to adopt inter cropping of soybean with
arhar, hybrid sorghum and groundnut (Bunch). Inter
cropping of arhar at 60cm + 1 row of soybean
or arhar at 90cm + two rows of soybean is
advantageous, followed by sorghum at 60 cm +
one row of soybean or sorghum at 90 cm + two
rows of soybean. |
|
4 |
In South Saurashtra it is advisable to adopt inter
cropping of soybean with arhar, groundnut(bunch)
and hybrid bajra(BJ-104). Inter cropping of arhar
at 60cm + one row of soybean or arhar at 90 cm +
two rows of soybean is beneficial followed by
inter-cropping of groundnut at 60 cm + two rows of
soybean and hybrid bajra at 90 cm + two rows of
soybean. |
|
5 |
In Saurashtra Agro-climatic Zone, application of
weedicides (Goal - 2 E) oxiflurofen 0.2 kg a.i./ha
as pre-emergence in 500 lit. of water/ha along
with one hand weeding at 30 DAS, provid for
effective checking the weed population in
Kharif soybean crop. If Goal - 2 E is not
available, it is recommended to apply
fluchloralin as pre-emergence @ 0.75 kg a.i./ha
+ one hand weeding 30 DAS for more effective
control in soybean crop. (1989). |
|
|
Mustard |
|
1 |
The farmers of Saurashtra region interested in
growing mustard are advised to sow mustard
variety Varuna during first fortnight of
October for getting maximum seed yield and
return (1986). |
|
2 |
The farmers of South Saurashtra region growing
mustard variety Varuna are advised to
fertilize with 75 kg nitrogen/ha (1/2 as a
basal + 1/2 at 45 DAS) and crop is fertilized
with 50 kg P 2O 5/ha as
basal dose at sowing. (1986). |
|
3 |
The farmers of South Saurashtra region
interested in cultivation of mustard variety
Varuna are advised to irrigate five times to
the crop at 15, 35, 50, 60 and 75 days after
sowing in addition to pre sowing irrigation to
get maximum yield. (1987) |
|
4 |
The farmers of South Saurashtra region
interested in cultivation of mustard variety
Varuna are advised to grow at a spacing of 45 cm
between 2 rows and 15-20 cm between 2 plants to
get maximum seed yield. (1988) |
|
5 |
The farmers of South Saurashtra Agro-climatic zone
growing mustard are advised to carry out one hand
weeding at 30 DAS. Under paucity of labourers
weeds may be checked with the application of
fluchloralin @ 1 kg a.i./ha dissolved in 500
lit.water as pre planting incorporation to the
soil. (1992). |
|
6 |
The mustard growing farmers of South Saurashtra
Agro climatic zone are advised to grow variety
GM-1 at 45 cm between two rows and 15 to 20 cm
between plant for gaining maximum yield and higher
net return. (1999). |
|
VI |
Entomology : |
|
|
I. GROUNDNUT |
|
1 |
Chemical control of leaf miner (PPSC 14, 1982)
For effective and economical control
of groundnut leaf miners following insecticides
are recommended.
|
Sr. No. |
Insecticides |
Concentration |
NICBR |
|
1. |
Dichlorvos |
0.05 % |
1:7.50 |
|
2. |
Fenitrothion |
0.05 % |
1:5.70 |
|
3. |
Phosalone |
0.05 % |
1:5.25 |
|
4. |
Monocrotophos |
0.04 % |
1:4.80 |
|
|
2 |
Chemical control of leaf eating
caterpillar(Prodenia) in groundnut. (PPSC 21st,
1984)
For the effective control of groundnut leaf
eating caterpillar ( Spodoptera litura
Feb.) Spraying methomyl 20 % EC 0.05 % or
chlorpyriphos 0.05 % is recommended.
|
|
3 |
Control of pest complex of summer groundnut (PPSC
23, 1986)
For controlling the pest complex of
summer groundnut viz., jassid, thrips, leaf miner,
and heliothis, any one of the following
insecticidal application in soil at the time of
sowing is recommended.
|
Sr. No. |
Insecticides |
Concentration |
NICBR |
|
1. |
Phorate |
10 G @ 1.0 kg a.i. /ha |
1:2.44 |
|
2. |
Carbofuran |
3 G @ 1.0 kg a.i. /ha |
1:1.38 |
|
|
4 |
Effect of sowing dates on incidence of insect
pests in kharif groundnut (PPSC 25, 1990)
For the effective and economics management of
various pests of kharif groundnut, early sowing
i.e. 15th June, followed by normal
sowing (30 June) is recommended for obtaining
maximum yield with minimum pest problems.
|
|
5 |
Chemical control of jassid in summer groundnut (PPSC
29, 1994)
Following insecticides is recommended
to be applied once at the time of appearance of
jassid, Empoesca karri Pruthi on summer
groundnut in South Saurashtra Region.
|
Sr.No. |
Insecticides |
Concentration |
NICBR |
|
1. |
Phosphamidon |
0.03 % |
|