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A. GROUNDNUT

કેન્દ્ર દ્વારા બહાર પાડવામાં આવેલ ચોમાસું મગફળીની નવી જાતો

PRODUCTION OF GROUNDNUT BREEDER SEED (YEAR: 2017-18 TO 2023-2024 IN QTL.) : 

RECOMMENDATION :

AGRONOMY : 

Groundnut

1. The farmers of South Saurashtra Agro-climatic Zone growing kharif semi-spreading groundnut varieties having seed size of 42-45 and 50-52 g/100 seed are advised to sow at spacing of 45 cm x 10 cm with seed rate of 110 and 125 kg/ha, respectively for obtaining higher yield and net returns.
2. The farmers of South Saurashtra Agro-climatic Zone growing groundnut during kharif season are advised to apply 75% recommended dose of chemical fertilizers(9.37-18.75-37.5 kg NPK/ha) with seed treatment of NPK liquid bio-fertilizer (250 ml/ha) + Zn solubilising bacteria (125 ml/ha) for obtaining higher pod yield and net return.
3. The farmers of South Saurashtra Agro-climatic Zone growing semi-spreading groundnut during kharif are advised to sow at a spacing of 45cm x 10cm(seed rate 130 to 135 kg/ha) and apply either100% RDF(12.5-25-50 NPK kg/ha) + Bio-fertilizer (Rhizobium @ 10ml/1 kg seed, PSB& KMB soil application @ 2.0 litre/ha) or 50% RDF (6.25-12.5-25 NPK kg/ha) + 50% FYM (1250 kg/ha) + Bio-fertilizer (Rhizobium @ 10ml/1 kg seed, PSB & KMB soil application @ 2.0 litre/ha) for obtaining higher pod yield and net return.
4. The farmers of South Saurashtra Agro-climatic Zone growing kharif bunch, semi-spreading and spreading groundnut under organic farming are advised to apply 50% RDN through FYM (1250 kg/ha) + 50% RDN through Vermicompost (312.50 kg/ha) for higher pod yield and net return.
5. The farmers of South Saurashtra Agro-climatic Zone growing groundnut during summer season are recommended to apply potash @ 40 kg/ha through fertigation in 6 equal splits at 8 days interval (1st split at 20 DAS) along with recommended dose of N and P (25-50 kg N-P2O5 /ha) as basal for obtaining higher yield and net return.
6. The farmers of South Saurashtra Agro-climatic Zone growing groundnut during summer season are recommended to apply 75% RDF (18.75-37.5-37.5 kg N-P2O5-K2O /ha) with seed treatment of NPK liquid biofertilizer (2 ml + 3 ml water/kg seed) and Zn solubilizing bacteria (1 ml + 4 ml water/kg seed) or 50% RDF (12.5-25-25 kg N-P2O5-K2O /ha) with seed treatment of bio-grow biofertilizer (1 ml + 4 ml water/kg seed) for obtaining higher yield and net return.
7. The farmers of South Saurashtra Agro-climatic Zone growing groundnut during summer season are recommended to apply 75% RDF (18.75-37.5-37.5 kg N-P2O5-K2O /ha) as basal and spray 1.5% water soluble fertilizer (19-19-19% N- P-K) at 45, 60 and 75 DAS for obtaining higher yield and net return.
8. The farmers of South Saurashtra region adopting intercropping system in semi-spreading groundnut during kharif season are recommend to grow groundnut + sesame (2:1) intercropping during kharif season and onion during rabi season
9. The farmers of Gujarat state growing groundnut during kharif season are recommended to grow Spanish bunch high oleic groundnut variety Gujarat Groundnut 39 (GG 39: Sorath Uttam). This variety has recorded mean pod yield of 2619 kg/ha, which was 34.43, 11.74 and 2.24 per cent higher than the check varieties, GJG 9 (1949 kg/ha), TG 37A (2248 kg/ha) and GJG 32 (2489 kg/ha), respectively. This variety has also recorded higher kernel yield, oil yield and oleic acid (>79 %) than the check varieties. Stem rot disease was lower in GG 39, while tikka, rust and collar rot diseases were comparable to the check varieties. The infestation due to leaf defoliators was lower than the check varieties.
10. The farmers of South Saurashtra Agro-climatic Zone growing pre-monsoon groundnut (last week of May) are recommended to apply foliar spray of 0.5 % FeSO4 heptahydrate (50 g/10 L water) with 0.05 % citric acid at 25 DAS and 1 % FeSO4 heptahydrate (100 g/10 L water) with 0.1 % citric acid at 35 and 45 DAS or foliar spray of 0.5 % FeSO4 heptahydrate (50 g/10 L water) with 1 % cow urine at 25 DAS and 1 % FeSO4 heptahydrate (100 g/10 L water) with 2 % cow urine at 35 and 45 DAS or foliar spray of 1.0 % micronutrient mixture grade IV at 45 and 60 DAS in addition to recommended dose of NPK fertilizers (12.5-25-50 N-P2O5-K2O kg/ha) to obtain higher yield, net return and reduction in yellowness.
11. The farmers of South Saurashtra Agro-climatic Zone growing bunch groundnut (GJG 32) during kharif season are recommended to sow at spacing of 30 cm x 10 cm and apply 100 % RDF (12.5-25-50 kg N-P2O5-K2O/ha) + Bio fertilizer [Rhizobium (Rhizobium leguminosarum and Rhizobium meliloti 1 x 107 cfu/ml)] @ 15 ml/kg seed; PSM (Bacillus subtilis 1 x 108 CFU/ml) & KMB (Frateuria aurantia 1 x 108 CFU/ml) soil application each @ 3 L/ha) as a basal for obtaining higher yield and net return.
12. The farmers of Saurashtra region growing summer groundnut in medium black calcareous soil are recommended to apply three sprays of 0.2 % (20 ml/10 L water) nano boron OR 0.2 % (20 g/10 L water) boric acid at 30, 45 and 60 DAS in addition to recommended dose of fertilizer (25-50-50 N-P2O5-K2O kg/ha) to obtain higher yield and net return.
13. The farmers of South Saurashtra Agro-climatic Zone growing kharif groundnut - rabi wheat sequence cropping are recommended to apply Fe 10 kg/ha, Zn 5 kg/ha and S 20 kg/ha in form of ferrous sulphate, zinc sulphate and cosavet (Fertis), respectively once in two years as basal, in both groundnut and wheat, for obtaining higher groundnut equivalent yield and net return.
14. The farmers of South Saurashtra Agro-climatic Zone growing summer groundnut are recommended to apply 40 kg/ha of P2O5 + PSB (Bacillus subtilis-1 x 108 CFU/g) culture @ 15 ml/kg seed in addition to recommended dose of nitrogen and potash (25-50 kg N-K2O/ha) for securing higher yield and net income.
15. The farmers of South Saurashtra Agro-climatic Zone growing kharif groundnut are recommended to apply RDF 75 % (9.37:18.75:37.50 N: P2O5:K2O kg/ha) + 1.5% (150 g/10 liter water) WSF (19-19-19-N:P:K) at 45 and 60 DAS + 1.0 % (100 g/10 liter water) Muti-micro Mixture Grade –IV (Zn-6.0%, Fe-4.0%, Cu0.5%, Mn-1.0% and B-0.5%) at 50 and 65 DAS as a foliar spray for obtaining higher yield and net return.

Mustard

1. The farmers of North Gujarat agro climatic zone IV growing mustard are recommended to apply 75 kg N/ha, of which 50% as basal and remaining 50% at 35-40 days after sowing, in addition to 50 kg P2O5/ha and 40 kg S/ha as basal for obtaining higher yield and net return. Application of potash is not found beneficial.

ENTOMOLOGY

1. The farmers of South Saurashtra Agro-climatic Zone growing groundnut in Kharif season are advised to apply two sprays of chlorpyriphos 20 EC 0.05% (25 ml/10 l of water) or quinalphos 25 EC 0.05% (20 ml/10 l of water) at 15 days interval starting from pest infestation for effective and economical management of defoliators viz; Helicoverpa and Spodoptera.
2. The farmers who are interested in organic groundnut production are advised to apply two sprays of pongemia oil (30 ml/10 l of water) or ponneem (30 ml/10 l of water) at 15 days interval starting from pest infestation for effective and economical management of defoliators viz; Helicoverpa and Spodoptera. To prepare ponneem, mix 45% of neem oil, 45% of pongemia oil (karanj oil) and 10% of soap solution (wetting agent).
3. The farmers of South Saurashtra Agro-climatic Zone growing summer groundnut are advised to apply two sprays of imidacloprid 17.8 SL 0.005% (2.8 ml/10 l of water) at 10 days interval starting from pest infestation for effective and economical management of thrips. Pre-harvest interval (PHI) of 40 days should be kept.
4. The farmers of South Saurashtra Agro-climatic Zone growing groundnut in Kharif season are recommended to detop the crop 5 cm in length from the top at 30 days after sowing for effective and economical management of defoliators viz; Helicoverpa & Spodoptera.
5. The farmers of South Saurashtra Agro-climatic Zone growing groundnut in kharif season are advised to apply seed treatment with imidacloprid 600 FS @ 4 ml OR chlorpyriphos 20 EC @ 25 ml per kg of seeds for effective and economical management of white grub.
6. The farmers of South Saurashtra Agro-climatic Zone are advised that the storage of fumigated groundnut pods in high density polythene (HDPE) bags or polythene layered gunny bags was more effective and economic in management of bruchid pest.

Mustard

1. The farmers of South Saurashtra Agro-climatic Zone growing sesame in Kharif season are advised to apply two sprays of chlorpyriphos 20 EC 250 g a.i./ha (25 ml/10 lit. water) or quinalphos 25 EC 0.05% 250 g a.i./ha (20 ml/10 lit. water) at 7 days interval starting from pest infestation for effective and economical management of mustard leaf webber.
2. Farmers of Gujarat growing mustard are recommended two sprays of thiamethoxam 25 WG 0.01% (4 g/10 L water), first spray when aphid crosses the ETL (1.5 aphid index/plant) and the second spray at 15 days after the first spray for the effective management of pest. A minimum pre-harvest interval (PHI) of 21 days should be kept.

PLANT PATHOLOGY

Groundnut

1. Farmers interested in organic cultivation of groundnut are advised to apply Trichoderma harzianum 1 % WP (2 x 106 cfu/g) as a seed treatment 10 g/kg seed along with its furrow application 4.0 kg/ha enriched in 300 kg FYM at the time of sowing for management of collar rot and stem rot diseases. Whereas, for leaf spot spray neem seed kernel extract 5 % (500 g/10 l of water) at 30, 45 and 60 DASOR to spray cow urine 10 % (1000 ml/10 l of water) at 20, 40, 60 and 80 days after sowing.
2. The farmers of South Saurashtra Agroclimatic Zone (VII) growing kharif groundnut are advised to apply Trichoderma harzianum 1 % WP (2x 106 cfu/g) as furrow application 4 kg/ha in 250 kg of castor cake at the time of sowing and soil drenching 4 kg/ha in soil at 30 days after sowing for effective and economical management of stem rot disease and obtaining higher pod yield. The application of 87 Trichoderma harzianum also resulted in growth promoting ability by increasing leaf dry weight, leaf area, plant height, number of branches, pods per plant and root length in groundnut.
3. The farmers of South Saurashtra Agro climatic Zone (VII) growing kharif groundnut are advised seed treatment with mancozeb (75 % WP) 3g/kg of seed + furrow application of Trichoderma harzianum 1 % WP (2 x 106 cfu/g) 2.5 kg in 250 kg of castor cake/ha at the time of sowing for effective and economical management of aflarot and obtaining higher pod yield. It is also effective for management of stem rot and collar rot.  
   Farmers interested in nonchemical cultivation of groundnut are advised seed treatment with Trichoderma harzianum 1 % WP (2x 106 cfu/g) 10g/kg of seed + furrow application of Trichoderma harzianum 2.5 kg enriched before one week in 250 kg of FYM/ha at the time of sowing for effective and economical management of aflarot and obtaining higher pod yield. It is also effective for management of stem rot and collar rot.
4. The farmers of South Saurashtra Agro-climatic Zone growing kharif groundnut are advised to apply seed treatment of mancozeb 75 % WP @ 3 g/kg seeds follow by two sprays of hexaconazole 5 % SC, 0.005 % (10 ml/10 l of water) at 40 and 65 DAS for effective and economical management of early and late leaf spots (ELS & LLS) diseases of groundnut.
5. Farmers who are interested in organic cultivation of groundnut are advised to apply Bijamrut as a seed treatment @ 10 ml/kg seed along with foliar spray of cow urine 10% (1 l /10 l of water) at 30 and 60 DAS for effective and economical management of tikka disease and to obtain higher pod and haulm yield.
6. Farmers of Gujarat growing Kharif groundnut are recommended to apply seed treatment with carboxin 37.5 + thiram 37.5 WS @ 3 g/kg seed or carbendazim 25 + mancozeb 50 WS @ 3 g/kg seed or penflufen 13.28 + trifloxystrobin 13.28 FS @ 3 ml/kg seed as ready-mix fungicide for effective management of aflarot, collar rot and stem rot in groundnut.

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EXTENSION ACTIVITIES :

FLD (Frontline Demonstrations):     
     The government of India, while realizing the import dependency of the edible oils, established the technology mission on Oilseeds (TMO) in 1986 which adopted four pronged strategy for reaping production, processing and storage technologies for attaining self reliance in oilseeds. The series of farmer oriented policies through TMO made an impact on the vegetable oil production of the country to shift from a stagnation stage to swift growth stage. The Adhoc Project on “Frontline demonstrations in oilseed Crops” sponsored by Department of Agriculture and Cooperation, Government of India was launched from Kharif, 1990-91. The above scheme amply provided opportunities to the researchers of the All India Coordinated Research Project on Oilseeds (AICORPO) actively in generation of location specific technologies for (1) demonstrating to farmers what they were advocating, (2) test their effect and viability, (3) obtain feed from the clients and (4) fine-tune the technologies to improve their acceptability and suitability to real farm situation. 

LAB TO LAND ACTIVITIES : 

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