Courses offered for Undergraduate Degree: (As per fifth dean's committee).

Year:2015-16: NIL

Year:2016-17

1.  Field Efficacy of Different Insecticides against Citrus Pests

     For effective management of leaf miner and blackfly in citrus orchard under South Saurashtra Agro-climatic Zone, farmers are advised to apply two sprays of imidacloprid 17.8 SL 0.0072% (4 ml/10 l) at 15 days interval starting from pests’ infestation is recommended.

(Imidacloprid 17.8 SL is registered under CIB approved list and 15 days waiting period required from last spray of this insecticide to picking)

Year:2017-2018

1. Bio-efficacy of Beauveria bassiana in combination with different insecticides against sucking pests of Bt cotton (Bollgard-II)

   For effective and economical management of aphid, jassid, whitefly and thrips in cotton, the farmers of South Saurashtra Agro-climatic Zone are advised to apply five spray of dinotefuran 20 SG 0.01 % (5.0 g/10 litre of water) or diafenthiuron 50 WP 0.05% (10.0 g/10 litre of water) or flonicamide 50 WG 0.015% (3.0 g/10 litre of water) or spiromesifen 22.9 SC 0.011% (5.0 ml/10 litre of water) or spinosad 45 SC 0.018% (4.0 ml/10 litre of water) and for organic farming, apply Beauveria bassiana1.15 WP (Min. 2 x 106 cfu/g) 0.007% (60 g/10 litre of water), first spray at pest initiation and subsequent four spray should be given at 10 days interval after first spray.

2. Evaluation of new pheromone based mating disruption technology for pink bollworm in cotton

    The farmers of South Saurashtra Agro-climatic Zone growing cotton are advised to give three application of Sawaj Pheromone based Mating Disruption Paste (Sawaj MDP) technology @ 400g paste per application per hectare (uniformly distributed in 1000 dots between two branches) against pink bollworm, first at initiation of pest infestation (Flowering stage) and successive two application at an interval of 30 days for effective, economical and ecofriendly management.

3. Microbial management of white grubs in groundnut.

    The farmers of South Saurashtra Agro-climatic Zone growing Kharif groundnut are advised to give seed treatment with chlorpyrifos 20 EC @ 25 ml/kg seed and soil application of Beauveria bassiana or Metarizium anisopliae 1.15 WP @ 5 kg/ha (Min. 2 x 106 cfu/g) along with castor cake (300 kg/ha) before sowing and drenching in plant row after 30 days of germination.

    For organic farming, soil application of Beauveria bassiana or Metarizium anisopliae1.15 WP @ 5 kg/ha (Min. 2 x 106 cfu/g) along with castor cake (300 kg/ha) before sowing and drenching in plant row after 30 days of germination for effective and economical management of white grub.

4. Effect of insecticides on growth of Beauveria bassiana.

    The farmers growing different crops are advised to either mix Sawaj Beauveria with different doses of insecticides or not are indicated in following table (Yes/No).

5. Effect of fungicides on growth of Beauveria bassiana.

    The farmers growing different crops are advised to either mix Sawaj Beauveria with different doses of fungicides or not are indicated in following table (Yes/No).

6. Bio-efficacy of different bio-pesticides and insecticides against pink bollworm in Bt cotton (Bollgard-II)

    The farmers of South Saurashtra Agro-climatic Zone growing cotton are advised to apply five spray of Beauveriabassiana1.15 WP (Min. 2 x 106 cfu/g) 0.009 % (80 g/10 litre of water), first spray at 5 % appearance of rosette flower and subsequent four spray at 10 days interval after first spray for effective and economical management of pink bollworm.

Year:2018-2019

1. Evaluation of new pheromone based mating disruption technology for fruit fly in mango

    The farmers of South Saurashtra Agro-climatic zone growing mango are advised togive Sawaj MDP technology @ 400 g paste per hectare (uniformly distributed in 1000 dots on main and subsidery branches of each tree/ha) against fruit fly, firstapplicationin the month of march, when fruit fly catches in the trap and successive two applications at 30 days interval for effective, economical and eco-friendly management of this pest.

2. Effectiveness of different bio-pesticides against mealybug in custard apple 

    For effective, economical and eco-friendly management of mealy bugin custard apple,the farmers of South Saurashtra Agro-climatic zone are advised to apply two sprays of Lecanicillium lecanii 1.15 WP (Min. 2x106 cfu/g) 0.007% (60 g/10 litre of water) or Beauveria bassiana 1.15 WP(Min. 2x106 cfu/g) 0.007% (60 g/10 litre of water) along with sticker (3 ml/10 litre of water), first spray at initiation of pest infestation and second spray at 20 days interval after first spray.

3. Effectiveness of Beauveria bassiana in combination of different insecticides against onion thrips

   For effective and economical management of thrips,Thrips tabaciin onion,the farmers of South Saurashtra Agro-climatic zone are advised to apply three sprays of dimethoate 30 EC 0.03% (10 ml/10 litre of water) or B. bassiana1.15 WP 0.0035% (Min. 2 x 106 cfu/g) + dimethoate 30 EC 0.015% (30 gm + 5.0 ml/10 litre of water) or B. bassiana1.15 WP 0.007% (60 gm/10 litre of water) first spray at initiation of pest infestation and subsequent two sprays at ten days interval after first spray.

4. Effect of different schedule base insecticidal spray against garlic thrips

    For effective, economical and eco-friendly management of thrips,Thrips tabaci in garlic,the farmers of South Saurashtra Agro-climatic zone are advised to apply schedule spraying ofB. bassiana 1.15 WP(Min. 2x106 cfu/g),first spray at initiation of pest infestation 0.0035% (30 gm/10 litre of water). Subsequent second0.007% (60 gm/10 litre of water) and third0.009% (80 gm/10 litre of water) spray at ten days interval after first spray.

5. Management of sucking pests in cumin

    For effective, economical and eco-friendly management of thrips,Thrips tabaci in cumin,the farmers of South Saurashtra Agro-climatic zone are advised to apply two sprays of B. bassiana 1.15 WP (Min. 2x106 cfu/g) 0.007% (60 gm/10 litre of water), first spray at initiation of pest infestation and second spray at ten days interval after first spray.

Year: 2019-2020

1. Evaluation of new pheromone based mating disruption technology for shoot and fruit borer in brinjal

    The farmers of South Saurashtra Agro-climatic Zone growing brinjal are advised to give three applications of Gir Sawaj MDP technology @ 400 g paste per application per hectare (uniformly distributed in 1000 dots between two branches) against brinjal shoot and fruit borer, first at initiation of pest infestation and successive two application at an interval of 30 days for effective, economical and ecofriendly management.

2. Impact of bio-pesticides and insecticides on foraging  bee in mustard

    The farmers of South Saurashtra Agro-climatic zone are advised to apply two sprays of Beauveria bassiana 1.15 WP (Min. 1×108cfu/gm) 0.0069 % (60 g/10 litre of water), first spray at initiation of pest infestation and second spray at 15 days interval after first spray for effective foraging activities of bees and eco-friendly management of mustard aphid.

3. Study on foraging activities of honeybees on seed spices

    The farmers of South Saurashtra Agro-climatic zone are advised to avoid the insecticidal spray during visiting time of honey bees between 12.00 to 16.00 hours on coriander, fennel and dill seed crops.

4. Synergism of different plant oils with different insecticides against pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera infesting chickpea

    The farmers of South Saurashtra Agro-climatic Zone are advised to apply two sprays of chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC 0.006 % + neem oil 0.5 % (3.25 + 50 ml /10 l of water) alongwith sticker( 3 ml/10 l water),first spray at initiation of pest infestation and second, at 20 days interval after first spray for effective management of Helicoverpa armigera in chickpea.

5. Standardization of number of pheromone trap for fall army worm Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) in maize

    The farmers of South Saurashtra Agro-climatic Zone are advised to install 50 sex pheromone traps per hectare (20 sex pheromone traps per acre) and change thelure after 40 days for effective management of fall army worm in maize.

6. Bio-efficacy of different biopesticides against fall army worm Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) infesting maize

    The farmers of South Saurashtra Agro-climatic zone growing maize are advised to spray Beauveria bassiana 1.15 WP (1 x 108cfu/g) 0.009 % (80 g/10 l of water) OR Nomuraea rileyi 1.15 WP (1 x 108cfu/g) 0.009 % (80 g/10 l of water) OR Beauveria bassiana1.15 WP (1 x 108cfu/g) 0.007 % (60 g/10 l of water) + SfNPV 450 LE (10 ml/10 l of water), first at initiation of pest infestation and subsequent two spray at 10 days interval for the effective and economical management of fall armyworm in maize.

7. Bio-efficacy of different insecticides against fall army worm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) infesting maize

   The farmers of South Saurashtra Agro-climatic zone growing maize are advised to spray spinetoram 11.7 EC 0.012% (10 ml/10 lit. of water) OR emamectin benzoate 5 SG 0.0025% (5g/10 lit. of water) OR thiodicarb 75 WP 0.075% (10 g/10 lit. of water), first at initiation of pest infestation and second at 15 day interval for the effective and economical management of fall armyworm in maize.

8. Area wide integrated management of white grub in groundnut

   The farmers of South Saurashtra Agro-climatic Zone growing groundnut are advised to spray chlorpyrifos 20 EC 0.04% (20 ml/10 l water) on surrounding trees at onset of monsoon, seed treatment of chlorpyrifos 20 EC@ 25 ml/kg seed, soil application of Metarhizium anisopliae OR Beauveria bassiana 1.15 WP @ 5 kg/ha (Min. 1 x 108 cfu/g) + castor cake (300 kg/ha) before sowing and drenching of M. anisopliae or B. bassiana (1 x 108 cfu/g) @ 5 kg/ha (1000 lit. of water/ha) in plant row after 30 days of germination for the effective and economical management of whitegrub in  groundnut.

Year : 2020-2021

1. Comparison of different colour sticky traps for monitoring of sucking pests in brinjal

    The farmers of Gujarat are recommended to install yellow (RGB-255,255,0) or dark green (RGB-0,128,0) sticky traps (15 cm x 21 cm) @ 25/ha at crop height for the effective monitoring of jassid and whitefly in brinjal. The sticky trap is to be installed at at one week after transplanting and it should be changed at weekly interval. As adhesive material grease could be utilized.

2. Comparison of different colour sticky traps for monitoring of sucking pests in seed spices

    The farmers of Gujarat growing seed spices are recommended to install yellow (RGB-255, 255, 0) or dark green (RGB-0, 128, 0) sticky traps (15 cm x 21 cm) @ 25 traps/ha at crop heightfor the effective monitoring of aphids in coriander, cumin, fenugreek and fennel, while dark blue (RGB-0, 0, 255) and yellow (RGB-255, 255, 0) sticky traps (15 cm x 21 cm)  @ 25 traps/ha at crop heightfor the effective monitoring of thrips in cumin, fennel and ajwain. The sticky trap is to be installed at at one week after transplanting and it should be changed at weekly interval. As adhesive material grease could be utilized.

3. Bio-efficacy  of different biopesticides against rugose spiralling whitefly in coconut

   The farmers of Gujarat having coconut orchards are advised to apply three sprays of Beauveriabassiana1.15 WP (Min. 1 x 10⁸cfu/g) 0.009% (80 g/10 litre of water) or Isariafumosorosea1.15 WP (Min. 1 x 10⁸cfu/g) 0.009% (80 g/10 litre of water) along with 1% (10g/lit) starch, first spray at initiation of pest infestation, second and third spray at 10 days interval after first spray for effective management of rugose spiralling whitefly.

Summary of Recommendation for Farmers :

Year	Crop	Target	Pesticides with formulation	Dosage				Total Qty. of Chemical suspension required/ha	Application schedule	Waiting period/PHI (days)
				g.a.i./ ha	Qty. of formulation/ ha	Conc. (%)	Dilution in water (10 lit.)
2020-21	Coconut	Rugose Spiralling Whitefly	Beauveriabassiana1.15 WP	46	4 kg	0.009%	80 g	500 litre	First spray at initiation of pest infestation,  second and third spray at 10 days interval after first spray	-
			Isariafumosorosea1.15 or WP	46	4 kg	0.009%	80 g			-

4. Bio-efficacy of different insecticides against rugose spiralling whitefly in coconut

   The farmers of Gujarathaving coconut orchards (1 to 3 year old palms) are advised to apply three sprays of pyriproxyfen 10% + bifenthrin 10% EC 0.02% (10 ml/10 litre of water) or spiromesifen 22.9 SC 0.027% (12 ml/10 litre of water) or diafenthiuron 50 WP 0.05% (10 g/10 litre of water) along with 1% (10gm/ litre of water) starch, first spray at initiation of pest infestation, second and third spray at 10 days interval after first spray for effective management of rugose spiralling whitefly.

Summary of Recommendation for Farmers

Year	Crop	Target	Pesticides with formulation	Dosage				Total Qty. of Chemical suspension required/ha	Application schedule	Waiting period/PHI (days)
				g.a.i./ha	Qty. of formulation/ha	Conc. (%)	Dilution in water (10 lit.)
2020-21	Coconut	Rugose Spiralling Whitefly	Pyriproxyfen 10% + Bifenthrin 10% EC	100	0.50 lit.	0.02	10 ml	500 lit.	First spray at initiation of pest infestation,  second and third spray at 10 days interval after first spray	-
			Spiromesifen 22.9 SC	137	0.60 lit.	0.027	12 ml			-
			Diafenthiuron 50 WP	250	0.50 kg	0.05	10 g			-

5. Management of rugose spiralling whitefly through root feeding of insecticides in coconut

    The farmers of Gujarat having coconut orchards (>5 year old palms) are advised to give root feeding (pencil size root) application of monocrotophos 36 SL @ 10 ml with 10 ml of water per palm, first at initiation of pest infestation and second at one month after first application for management of rugose spiralling whitefly.

Summary of Recommendation for Farmers

Year	Crop	Target	Pesticides with formulation	Dosage				Total Qty. of Chemical suspension required/ha	Application schedule	Waiting period/PHI (days)
				g.a.i./ha	Qty. of formulation/ha	Conc. (%)	Dilution in water (10 lit.)
2020-21	Coconut	Rugose Spiralling Whitefly	Monocrotophos 36 SL	0.637	1.77 lit.	-	-	-	First root feeding at initiation of pest infestation,  and second at 1 month interval after first root feeding	-

6. Effect of different schedule based insecticides and biopesticides spray against fall army worm Spodoptera frugiperda(J. E. Smith) infesting maize

   The farmers of Gujarat growing maize are advised to apply schedule spraying of chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC 0.005% (3 ml/10 litre of water), emamectin benzoate 5 SG 0.0025% (5 g/10 litre of water) and thiodicarb 75 SP 0.09% (10 g/10 litre of water) at ten days interval after initiation of pest infestation for the effective management of fall armyworm in maize.

   The farmers interested in organic maize are advised to apply schedule spraying of Beauveriabassiana1.15 WP (1 x 10⁸cfu/g) 0.007 % (60 g/10 l of water),first at initiation of pest infestation and subsequent two sprays at 10 days interval for the effective management of fall armyworm in maize.

Summary of Recommendation for Farmers

Year	Crop	Target	Pesticides with formulation	Dosage				Total Qty. of Chemical suspension required/ha	Application schedule	Waiting period/PHI (days)
				g.a.i./ha	Qty. of formulation/ha	Conc. (%)	Dilution in water (10 lit.)
2020-21	Maize	Fall armyworm	Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC	28	0.150 lit.	0.005%	3 ml	500 lit.	First spray at initiation of pest infestation, subsequent second and third at 10 day interval	-
			Emamectin benzoate 5 SG	13	0.250 kg	0.0025%	5 g			-
			Thiodicarb 75 SP	375	0.5 kg	0.09%	10 g			-
			Beauveriabassiana1.15 WP (1 x 108cfu/g)	35	3.0 kg	0.007%	60 g			-

Year: 2021-22

1: Bio-efficacy of different biocides against aphid in coriander

The farmers of Saurashtra region growing coriander are recommended to spray JAU- isolate Beauveria bassiana 1.15 WP (1 x 10⁸ cfu/g) 0.009 % (80 g/10 lit. of water) or Lecanicillium lecanii 1.15 WP (1 x 10⁸ cfu/g) 0.009% (80 g/10 lit. of water), first at initiation of pest infestation and subsequent three sprays at 10 days interval for the effective and economical management of aphid in coriander. 

સૌરાષ્ટ્ર વિસ્તારમાં ધાણાની ખેતી કરતા ખેડૂતોને ભલામણ કરવામાં આવે છે કે, મોલોના અસરકારક અને અર્થક્ષમ નિયંત્રણ માટે જેએયુ- આઈસોલેટ બ્યુવેરીયા બાસીયાના ૧.૧૫% ડબલુ. પી. (ન્યુનતમ ૧x૧૦^૮ સી.એફ.યુ./ગ્રા) ૦.૦૦૯% (૮૦ગ્રા/૧૦લી. પાણીમાં) અથવા લેકાનીસીલીયમ લેકાની ૧.૧૫ ડબલુ. પી. (ન્યુનતમ ૧x ૧૦^૮ સી.એફ.યુ./ગ્રા) ૦.૦૦૯% (૮૦ગ્રા/૧૦લી. પાણીમાં), પ્રથમ છંટકાવ જીવાત દેખાય ત્યારે અને ત્યાર બાદ બીજા ત્રણ છંટકાવ, પ્રથમ છંટકાવના ૧૦ દિવસના અંતરે કરવાની ભલામણછે.

2: Bio-efficacy of Beauveria bassiana and different insecticides against insect pests of groundnut

The farmers of Saurashtra region growing Kharif groundnut are recommended to apply five sprays of bio-pesticide, JAU- isolate Beauveria bassiana 1.15 WP (1 x 10⁸cfu/g), 0.008 % (75 g/10 l of water) at 15 days interval after initiation of infestation of pest for the effective and economical management of sucking pests (Jassid, aphid and thrips) and leaf eating caterpillars (H. armigera and S. litura) in groundnut.

સૌરાષ્ટ્ર વિસ્તારમાં ચોમાસું મગફળીની ખેતી કરતા ખેડૂતોને ભલામણ કરવામાં આવે છે કે, ચુસીયા (તડતડીયા, મોલો અને થ્રીપ્સ) અને પાનખાનારી (લીલી અને લશ્કરી ઈયળ) જીવાતોના અસરકારક અને અર્થક્ષમ નિયંત્રણ માટે જૈવિક જંતુનાશક, જેએયુ- આઈસોલેટ બ્યુવેરીયા બાસીયાના ૧.૧૫% વે.પા. (ન્યુનતમ ૧x ૧૦૮ સી.એફ.યુ./ગ્રા),  ૦.૦૦૮%  (૭૫ગ્રા/૧૦લી. પાણીમાં) નો પ્રથમ છંટકાવ જીવાત દેખાય ત્યારે અને ત્યાર બાદ બીજા ચાર છંટકાવ, પ્રથમ છંટકાવના ૧૫ દિવસના અંતરે કરવા.

Year: 2015-16

1. Field efficacy of newer insecticides against sucking pests of cumin

    Spray of imidacloprid 17.8 SL 0.004% (2.24 ml/10 l water) or spinosad 45% SC 0.009% (2.00 ml/10 l water) or acetamiprid 20% SP 0.004% (2.00 g/10 l water) at the appearance of pests was found effective and economical for control of aphids and thrips in cumin. Residue was not detected in the mature fruits of imidacloprid 17.8 SL 0.004% or spinosad 45% SC 0.009% or thiamethoxam 25 % WG 0.0125% or acetamiprid 20% SP 0.004% in spraying treatments.

2. Management of sucking pests through seed treatments in cluster bean

    Seed treatment with imidacloprid 600 FS @ 10 ml/kg seed or thiamethoxam 30 FS @ 10 ml/kg seed found effective and economical for control of sucking pests of cluster bean in summer.

3. Field efficacy of newer insecticides against inflorescence pests of mango

   For effective management of inflorescence pests of mango viz., hopper, thrips and flower bug, two sprays of spinosad 45 % SC 0.018% (4 ml/10 l water) or carbosulfan 25 % EC 0.05% (20 ml/10 l water) or acetamiprid 20 % SP 0.01% (5 g/10 l water) at 15 days interval starting from pests infestation are recommended.

4. Survey of various pests in mango orchard

   The infestation of leaf gall midge, mango hopper, shoot borer and thrips were found enormously during the month of September to October, January to March, July to September and August to December, respectively. Maximum population of leaf gall midge and mango hopper was noticed in Chalala and Mendarda area, while shoot borer and thrips were found maximum in Talala area of Saurashtra region

Year: 2016-17

1. Bio-Efficacy of Different Insecticides against Castor Shoot and Capsule Borer

   Two sprays of spinosad 45 SC 0.009 % (2 ml/10 lit. water) or chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC 0.006 % (3.2 ml/10 lit. water) at 15 days interval starting from pest infestation found effective and economical for the management of castor shoot and capsule borer.

2. Survey of various insect-pests of pomegranate in saurashtra region

    The incidence of anar butterfly and thrips were found enormous during the month of January to April and September to December, respectively. The maximum population of anar butterfly was noticed in Junagadh region, while thrips was found maximum in Kalawad region.

3. Field Efficacy of Different Insecticides against Citrus Pests

    Two sprays of spinosad 45 SC 0.0135% (3 ml/10 lit.) and difenthiuron 50 WP 0.05% (10ml/10lit.) at 15 days interval starting from pests’ infestation was found effective fpr management of leaf miner and blackfly inSouth Saurashtra Agro-climatic Zone.

Year: 2017-18

1. Bio-efficacy of different bio-pesticides and insecticides against pink bollworm in Bt cotton (Bollgard-II)

   For effective and economical management of pink bollworm, five spray of spinosad 45 SC 0.014 % (3.0 ml/10 litre of water) or chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC 0.006 % (3.0 ml/10 litre of water), first spray at 5 % appearance of rosette flower and subsequent four spray at 10 days interval after first spray found effective in cotton. 

2. Management of Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) and Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) in groundnut through insecticides

    For effective and economical management of Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) and Spodoptera litura (Fabricius), three spray of indoxacarb 14.5 SC 0.007 % (5.0 ml/10 litre of water) or spinosad 45 SC 0.014 % (3.0 ml/10 litre of water) or chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC 0.006 % (3.0 ml/10 litre of water), first spray at the initiation of pest infestation and subsequent sprays at 15 days interval after first spray found effective in kharif groundnut.

Year: 2018-2019

1. Effectiveness of B. bassiana in combination with different insecticides against onion thrips

   For effective and economical management of thrips,Thrips tabaci in onion,three sprays of spinosad 45 SC 0.0135% (3 ml/10 litre of water) or B. bassiana 1.15 WP 0.0035% (Min. 2 x 106 cfu/g) + spinosad 45 SC 0.0068% (30 g + 1.5 ml/10 litre of water), first spray at initiation of pest infestation and subsequent two sprays at ten days interval after first spray found effective in onion.

2. Effect of different schedule base insecticidal spray against garlic thrips

    For effective and economical management of thrips,Thrips tabaci in garlic, schedule spraying of dimethoate 30 EC 0.003% (10 ml/10 litre of water), fipronil 5 SC 0.01% (5 ml/10 litre of water)and acetamiprid 20 SP 0.006% (4 g/10 litre of water) or profenophos 50 EC 0.075% (20 ml/10 litre of water), spiromesifen 240 SC 0.011% (10 ml/10 litre of water) and thiamethoxam 25 WG 0.01% (4 g/10 litre of water), first spray at initiation of pest infestation and subsequent two sprays at ten days interval after first spray found effective.

3. Management of sucking pests in cumin

    For effective and economical management of thrips,Thrips tabaci in cumin,two sprays of B. bassiana 1.15% WP + dinotefuran 20% SG 0.005%(60 gm + 2.5 gm/10 litre of water) or B. bassiana + flonicamide 50% SG 0.0125%(60 gm + 2.5 gm/10 litre of water), first spray at pest infestation and second sprays at ten days interval after first spray found effective. 

Year: 2019-2020

1. Impact of bio-pesticides and insecticides on foraging  bee in mustard

   For effective, economical and eco-friendly management of mustard aphid, two sprays of flonicamide 50 WG 0.015% (3.0 g/10 litre of water) or acetamiprid 20 SP 0.008% (4.0 g/10 litre of water), first spray at initiation of pest infestation and second spray at 15 days interval after first spray were found effective.

2. Study on foraging activities of honeybees on seed spices

    Honey bee species viz., Apis florea, Apis dorsata, Apis cerana and Trigona iridipenis were recorded in the coriander, fennel and dill seed for foraging activity. Among the different species, Apis florea was found the dominant forager.

3. Synergism of different plant oils with different insecticides against pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera infesting chickpea

    For effective and economical management of H. armigera in chickpea, two sprays of flubendiamide 48 SC 0.015% + neem oil 0.5% (3.20 + 50 ml/10 litre of water) along with sticker (3 ml /10 l of water), first spray at initiation of pest infestation and second spray at 20 days interval after first spray was found effective.

Year: 2020-2021

1. Management of rugose spiralling whitefly through root feeding of insecticides in coconut

   For effective management of rugose spiralling whitefly in coconut (>5 year old palms), root feeding (pencil size root) application of spiromesifen 22.9 SC @ 5 ml with 10 ml of water per palm, first at initiation of pest infestation and second at one month after first application was found effective.

 2. Monitoring of fall army worm, Spodopterafrugiperda(J. E. Smith) infesting maize in saurashtra region

    The infestation of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) was monitored in different districts of North and South Saurashtra region of Gujarat in fodder maize (Sweet corn) and the highest infestation was observed in Amreli (46.67-60.13%) followed by Rajkot (19.33-35.00%) and Junagadh (22.15-24.50%) districts. The infestation was comparatively higher in Kharif season as compared to Rabi season.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                        (Amount Rs. in Lakh)